Tribological Behavior of Mg–WC Metal Matrix Nano-Composites
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15662/IJEETR.2026.0802253Keywords:
Magnesium matrix composites, tungsten carbide, nano-composites, tribology, wear resistance, friction coefficient, powder metallurgy, microstructure, hardness, surface engineeringAbstract
This project focuses on the development and analysis of magnesium-based metal matrix nano-composites reinforced with tungsten carbide (WC) nanoparticles for advanced tribological applications. Magnesium, being the lightest structural metal, is selected as the base matrix (AZ31 alloy) due to its excellent machinability, low density, and high specific strength. However, its poor wear resistance and low hardness limit its applications, which are addressed by reinforcing it with hard ceramic nanoparticles.
The Mg-WC nano-composites are fabricated using an ultrasonic vibration-assisted stir casting method to ensure uniform distribution of nanoparticles and improved interfacial bonding. The developed composites are characterized using optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDAX), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques. Mechanical properties such as microhardness, nanohardness, and elastic modulus are evaluated to understand the strengthening effect of WC nanoparticles.
The tribological behavior of the composites is studied under varying conditions including load, sliding speed, sliding distance, temperature, and abrasive environment using a pin-on-disc apparatus. Results indicate a significant improvement in wear resistance and reduction in friction coefficient due to the presence of WC nanoparticles. Additionally, corrosion behavior is analyzed in a saline environment, showing improved corrosion resistance up to an optimal reinforcement level.
Further enhancement is achieved by incorporating graphite nanoparticles into Mg-WC composites, which improves lubrication properties, wear resistance, and mechanical performance. Overall, the developed Mg-WC and Mg-WC-Gr nano-composites demonstrate superior mechanical, tribological, and corrosion properties compared to the base alloy, making them suitable for applications in automotive, aerospace, and engineering industries
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