Implementation of Automotive Embedded System
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15662/IJEETR.2026.0802202Keywords:
Automotive embedded system, Vehicle Control Unit, Battery Management System, Real time task scheduling, FreeRTOS, Embedded systemAbstract
T Modern electric vehicles rely heavily on real-time embedded control systems to ensure safety, efficiency, and reliability. This project presents the implementation of a centralized automotive embedded system using the STM32F103 ARM Cortex-M3 microcontroller integrated with the FreeRTOS real-time operating system. The proposed system consolidates key electric vehicle subsystems—Motor Control, Steer-by-Wire, and Battery Management System (BMS)—into a single Vehicle Control Unit (VCU), replacing the conventional distributed ECU architecture.
Each subsystem is implemented as an independent FreeRTOS task with appropriate priority assignment to achieve deterministic real-time performance. High-current motor control is achieved using the BTS7960 motor driver, while Hall effect sensors, rotary encoders, and temperature sensors provide real-time feedback for closed-loop control. MATLAB/Simulink and Simscape are used for battery modeling and State of Charge (SoC) estimation, ensuring safe and efficient energy management. Hardware implementation and PCB design are carried out using KiCAD, followed by real-time testing and validation
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