Antenna Array for 5G Applications
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15662/IJEETR.2026.0802126Keywords:
Antenna Array, 5G Communications, Beamforming, Massive MIMO, Millimeter Wave, Phased Array, Wireless NetworksAbstract
This project presents apatch filtenna integrated with a Cylindrical Dielectric Resonator Antenna (CDRA) array to enable simultaneous microwave and millimeter-wave communication. An elliptical patch antenna is designed for sub-6 GHz operation, with a hollow section to accommodate the CDRA, which resonates in the mm-wave band. The two resonators are combined to ensure seamless dual-band operation. A low-pass filter is incorporated to suppress unwanted harmonics and enhance isolation between bands. The mm-wave DRA is configured as a multi-element array to achieve high realized gain, while the overall design maintains a compact size and wide bandwidth. The proposed antenna demonstrates excellent isolation, independent band control, and high-gain mm-wave radiation suitable for long-distance communication. The main innovation lies in integrating a microwave filtenna with a high-gain mm-wave antenna array, emphasizing filtering for the lower band and enhanced mm-wave performance. The proposed antenna operates at resonant frequencies around 7.46 GHz and 12.83 GHz, corresponding to C-band and Ku-band operation sand the proposed antenna supports emerging 5G mid‑band (FR3) and satellite‑based Ku‑band applications.
References
1. Zou, H., Li, Y., Shen, H., Wang, H., & Yang, G. (2017). Design of 6 × 6 dual-band MIMO antenna array for 4.5G/5G smartphone applications. 2017 Sixth Asia-Pacific Conference on Antennas and Propagation (APCAP).
2. He, Y., Lv, S., Zhao, L., Huang, G.-L., Chen, X., & Lin, W. (2021). A Compact Dual-Band and Dual-Polarized Millimeter-Wave Beam Scanning Antenna Array for 5G Mobile Terminals. IEEE Access, 9, 109042–109052.
3. Zhu, L., Hwang, H., Ren, E., & Yang, G. (2017). High performance MIMO antenna for 5G wearable devices. 2017 IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation & USNC/URSI National Radio Science Meeting
4. Kim, G., & Kim, S. (2021). Design and Analysis of Dual Polarized Broadband Microstrip Patch Antenna for 5G mmWave Antenna Module on FR4 Substrate. IEEE Access, 9, 64306–64316.
5. Valkonen, R., &Doumanis, E. (2019). Analysis and design of mm-wave phased array antennas for 5G access. 2019 IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation and USNC-URSI Radio Science Meeting.
6. Chattha, H. T. (2019). 4-Port 2-Element MIMO Antenna for 5G Portable Applications. IEEE Access, 1–1.
7. Chen, Y., Wang, M., Yi, Z., Zhang, R., & Yang, G. (2019). A Wide-beamwidth Dual-band L-probe Fed Antenna with Parasitic Posts for 5G Communication. 2019 International Applied Computational Electromagnetics Society Symposium - China (ACES).
8. Alja’afreh, S. S., Altarawneh, B., Alshamaileh, M. H., Almajali, E. R., Hussain, R., Sharawi, M. S., … Xu, Q. (2021). Ten Antenna Array Using a Small Footprint Capacitive-Coupled-Shorted Loop Antenna for 3.5 GHz 5G Smartphone Applications. IEEE Access, 9, 33796–33810.
9. C.Nagarajan and M.Madheswaran - ‘Stability Analysis of Series Parallel Resonant Converter with Fuzzy Logic Controller Using State Space Techniques’- Taylor &Francis, Electric Power Components and Systems, Vol.39 (8), pp.780-793, May 2011. DOI: 10.1080/15325008.2010.541746
10. C.Nagarajan and M.Madheswaran - ‘Experimental verification and stability state space analysis of CLL-T Series Parallel Resonant Converter’ - Journal of Electrical Engineering, Vol.63 (6), pp.365-372, Dec.2012. DOI: 10.2478/v10187-012-0054-2
11. C.Nagarajan and M.Madheswaran - ‘Performance Analysis of LCL-T Resonant Converter with Fuzzy/PID Using State Space Analysis’- Springer, Electrical Engineering, Vol.93 (3), pp.167-178, September 2011. DOI 10.1007/s00202-011-0203-9
12. S.Tamilselvi, R.Prakash, C.Nagarajan,“Solar System Integrated Smart Grid Utilizing Hybrid Coot-Genetic Algorithm Optimized ANN Controller” Iranian Journal Of Science And Technology-Transactions Of Electrical Engineering, DOI10.1007/s40998-025-00917-z,2025
13. S.Tamilselvi, R.Prakash, C.Nagarajan,“ Adaptive sliding mode control of multilevel grid-connected inverters using reinforcement learning for enhanced LVRT performance” Electric Power Systems Research 253 (2026) 112428, doi.org/10.1016/j.epsr.2025.112428
14. S.Thirunavukkarasu, C. Nagarajan, 2024, “Performance Investigation on OCF and SCF study in BLDC machine using FTANN Controller," Journal of Electrical Engineering And Technology, Volume 20, pages 2675–2688, (2025), doi.org/10.1007/s42835-024-02126-w
15. C. Nagarajan, M.Madheswaran and D.Ramasubramanian- ‘Development of DSP based Robust Control Method for General Resonant Converter Topologies using Transfer Function Model’- Acta Electrotechnica et Informatica Journal , Vol.13 (2), pp.18-31,April-June.2013, DOI: 10.2478/aeei-2013-0025.
16. C.Nagarajan and M.Madheswaran - ‘DSP Based Fuzzy Controller for Series Parallel Resonant converter’- Springer, Frontiers of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Vol. 7(4), pp. 438-446, Dec.12. DOI 10.1007/s11460-012-0212-0.
17. C.Nagarajan and M.Madheswaran - ‘Experimental Study and steady state stability analysis of CLL-T Series Parallel Resonant Converter with Fuzzy controller using State Space Analysis’- Iranian Journal of Electrical & Electronic Engineering, Vol.8 (3), pp.259-267, September 2012.
18. C.Nagarajan and M.Madheswaran, “Analysis and Simulation of LCL Series Resonant Full Bridge Converter Using PWM Technique with Load Independent Operation” has been presented in ICTES’08, a IEEE / IET International Conference organized by M.G.R.University, Chennai.Vol.no.1, pp.190-195, Dec.2007
19. Suganthi Mullainathan, Ramesh Natarajan, “An SPSS and CNN modelling based quality assessment using ceramic materials and membrane filtration techniques”, Revista Materia (Rio J.) Vol. 30, 2025, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/1517-7076-RMAT-2024-0721
20. M Suganthi, N Ramesh, “Treatment of water using natural zeolite as membrane filter”, Journal of Environmental Protection and Ecology, Volume 23, Issue 2, pp: 520-530,2022
21. Da Costa, I. F., Cerqueira, S. A., &Spadoti, D. H. (2017). Dual-band antenna array with beam steering for mm-waves 5G networks. 2017 SBMO/IEEE MTT-S International Microwave and Optoelectronics Conference (IMOC).
22. Wang, Y.-Y., Ban, Y.-L., & Liu, Y. (2019). Sub-6GHz 4G/5G Conformal Glasses Antennas. IEEE Access, 7, 182027–182036.
23. Wang, Y., Ying, Z., & Yang, G. (2017). A compact CPW-fed wideband antenna design for 5G/WLAN wireless application. 2017 IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation & USNC/URSI National Radio Science Meeting.
24. Hussain, N., Jeong, M., Park, J., & Kim, N. (2019). Low-Profile Broadband Circularly Polarized Fabry-Perot Resonant Antenna Using A Single-Layered PRS for 5G MIMO Applications. IEEE Access, 1–1.
25. Haskou, A., Pesin, A., Le Naour, J.-Y., &Louzir, A. (2018). Four-Port, Broadband, Compact Antenna for 5G Indoor Access and Content Distribution over WiFi. 2018 International Conference on High Performance Computing & Simulation (HPCS).
26. Hu, H.-N., Lai, F.-P., & Chen, Y.-S. (2020). Dual-Band Dual-Polarized Scalable Antenna Subarray for Compact Millimeter-Wave 5G Base Stations.
27. Gopinathan, V. R. (2025). AI-Powered Kubernetes Orchestration for Complex Cloud-Native Workloads. International Journal of Research Publications in Engineering, Technology and Management (IJRPETM), 8(6), 13215-13225.
28. Mathew, A. (2023). Learning Metaverse Powered by Artificial Intelligence. Recent Progress in Science and Technology Vol. 4, 4, 134-141.
29. Garg, V. K., Soundappan, S. J., & Kaur, E. M. (2020). Enhancement in intrusion detection system for WLAN using genetic algorithms. South Asian Research Journal of Engineering and Technology, 2(6), 62–64. https://doi.org/10.36346/sarjet.2020.v02i06.003
30. Sugumar, R. (2025). Secure and Explainable AI Systems in Cloud-Based Applications: Bridging Trust and Performance. International Journal of Engineering & Extended Technologies Research (IJEETR), 7(4), 10328-10335.
31. Mathew, A., & Alex, H. (2023). From Code to Cure: The Role of AI in Accelerating Drug Discovery. Advances and Challenges in Science and Technology Vol. 2, 94-102.
