AI-Driven Predictive Plant Disease Diagnosis and Treatment Recommendation System using IoT
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15662/IJEETR.2026.0802074Keywords:
Precision Farming, Plant Disease Detection, CNN-LSTM Model, Leaf Image Analysis, IoT Sensors, Disease Prediction, Deep Learning, Sustainable Agriculture, Plant Village DatasetAbstract
In precision farming, plant diseases destroy 20-40% of crops worldwide every year, threatening global food security. Our project delivers a working prototype that combines IoT sensors with deep learning to catch diseases early and prevent losses.
The system uses CNN models to analyze leaf images and LSTM to predict how diseases will spread over time. Real-time IoT data (soil moisture, temperature, humidity) feeds a hybrid CNN-LSTM model that spots trouble 7-14 days ahead and calculates exact pesticide/nutrient doses needed.
Tested on PlantVillage dataset (54,000+ images, 14 crops), it hits 97.2% disease detection accuracy and 95.8% prediction accuracy – beating standalone CNN (94.1%) and LSTM (89.5%). F1-scores stay above 0.96.
This shifts farming from "react when plants die" to "predict and prevent". Farmers cut losses by 30%, use fewer chemicals, and grow more sustainably.
Smallholder farmers win big – affordable, scalable, climate-proof agriculture. Future plans: drone integration + federated learning.1][2].
References
[1] A. Saini, S. S. Gill, and R. Kumar, "Smart crop disease monitoring system in IoT using deep learning," in Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Agricultural Electronics (ICAE), Chandigarh, India, 2025.
[2] R. Sharma, P. Gupta, and A. Singh, "Edge AI and IoT for Real-Time Crop Disease Detection: A Survey of Trends," in Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Edge Computing Agriculture (ICEA), Bangalore, India, 2025,
[3] Y. T. Ting et al., "Optimising performances of LoRa based IoT enabled wireless sensor network for smart agriculture," in Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Smart Farming Technologies (ICSFT), Singapore, 2024,
[4] M. N. Mowla et al., "Internet of Things and Wireless Sensor Networks for Smart Agriculture: A Comprehensive Survey," IEEE Internet Things J., vol. 10, no. 5, pp. 4123-4145, Mar. 2023.
[5] R. Patel, V. Shah, and N. Mehta, "Integrated IoT-based system for automated plant disease detection and management," in Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Precision Farming (ICPF), Ahmedabad, India, 2024,
[6] Sowmiya, R. Devi, and S. Rajan, "IoT enabled prediction of agriculture's plant disease using machine learning," in Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. IoT Agriculture (ICIOTA), Coimbatore, India, 2023,
[7] C.Nagarajan and M.Madheswaran - ‘Stability Analysis of Series Parallel Resonant Converter with Fuzzy Logic Controller Using State Space Techniques’- Taylor &Francis, Electric Power Components and Systems, Vol.39 (8), pp.780-793, May 2011. DOI: 10.1080/15325008.2010.541746
[8] C.Nagarajan and M.Madheswaran - ‘Experimental verification and stability state space analysis of CLL-T Series Parallel Resonant Converter’ - Journal of Electrical Engineering, Vol.63 (6), pp.365-372, Dec.2012. DOI: 10.2478/v10187-012-0054-2
[9] C.Nagarajan and M.Madheswaran - ‘Performance Analysis of LCL-T Resonant Converter with Fuzzy/PID Using State Space Analysis’- Springer, Electrical Engineering, Vol.93 (3), pp.167-178, September 2011. DOI 10.1007/s00202-011-0203-9
[10] S.Tamilselvi, R.Prakash, C.Nagarajan,“Solar System Integrated Smart Grid Utilizing Hybrid Coot-Genetic Algorithm Optimized ANN Controller” Iranian Journal Of Science And Technology-Transactions Of Electrical Engineering, DOI10.1007/s40998-025-00917-z,2025
[11] S.Tamilselvi, R.Prakash, C.Nagarajan,“ Adaptive sliding mode control of multilevel grid-connected inverters using reinforcement learning for enhanced LVRT performance” Electric Power Systems Research 253 (2026) 112428, doi.org/10.1016/j.epsr.2025.112428
[12] S.Thirunavukkarasu, C. Nagarajan, 2024, “Performance Investigation on OCF and SCF study in BLDC machine using FTANN Controller," Journal of Electrical Engineering And Technology, Volume 20, pages 2675–2688, (2025), doi.org/10.1007/s42835-024-02126-w
[13] C. Nagarajan, M.Madheswaran and D.Ramasubramanian- ‘Development of DSP based Robust Control Method for General Resonant Converter Topologies using Transfer Function Model’- Acta Electrotechnica et Informatica Journal , Vol.13 (2), pp.18-31,April-June.2013, DOI: 10.2478/aeei-2013-0025.
[14] C.Nagarajan and M.Madheswaran - ‘DSP Based Fuzzy Controller for Series Parallel Resonant converter’- Springer, Frontiers of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Vol. 7(4), pp. 438-446, Dec.12. DOI 10.1007/s11460-012-0212-0.
[15] C.Nagarajan and M.Madheswaran - ‘Experimental Study and steady state stability analysis of CLL-T Series Parallel Resonant Converter with Fuzzy controller using State Space Analysis’- Iranian Journal of Electrical & Electronic Engineering, Vol.8 (3), pp.259-267, September 2012.
[16] C.Nagarajan and M.Madheswaran, “Analysis and Simulation of LCL Series Resonant Full Bridge Converter Using PWM Technique with Load Independent Operation” has been presented in ICTES’08, a IEEE / IET International Conference organized by M.G.R.University, Chennai.Vol.no.1, pp.190-195, Dec.2007
[17] Suganthi Mullainathan, Ramesh Natarajan, “An SPSS and CNN modelling based quality assessment using ceramic materials and membrane filtration techniques”, Revista Materia (Rio J.) Vol. 30, 2025, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/1517-7076-RMAT-2024-0721
[18] M Suganthi, N Ramesh, “Treatment of water using natural zeolite as membrane filter”, Journal of Environmental Protection and Ecology, Volume 23, Issue 2, pp: 520-530,2022
[19] A. Kumar, S. Verma, and R. Singh, "IoT Based Plant Monitoring System Using NODEMCU and Blynk," in Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Embedded Systems Agriculture (ICESA), Lucknow, India, 2022,
[20] V. Gupta, A. Sharma, and R. Jain, "Literature Review on IoT Based Plant Disease Detection," in Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Agricultural IoT Smart Farming (ICAISF), Coimbatore, India, 2021.
[21] G. Thakur, R. Thakur, and P. Kumar, "Smart Farming and Plant Disease Detection using IoT and ML," in Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Smart Agriculture IoT (ICSAI), New Delhi, India,2021.
